Hot Seat Chapter 16 Essay

1 . The underlying ideas associated with the mercantile theory were that everything was to benefit the breed country, each realm was trying to strike self-sufficiency, colonies and agriculture would improve economy and piercing materials, and the country must benefit at the expense of others. For the most contend, these ideas along with a few other minor pieces helped atomic number 63an nations to conquer ofttimes of the modern and elderly world. groovy Britain was the most successful with a vast oerseas imperium d wizard wedlock America, the air jacket Indies, Africa and into India.They governed their colonies effectively and efficiently maximizing force out and economic carriage over the world. The least successful would belike be Portugal. They initi everyy started out strong, conclusion art routes along Africa into Asia and conquering brazil, just by the 18th century their imperium had diminished to slight verify of Brazil and almost no other colonies. 2 . The master(prenominal) points of conflict between Britain and France in northwesterly America were in the St. Lawrence River valley and the Ohio River valley. These areas were vast enters of throw and influence of the Native Americans that two the french and English desired.In the wolfram Indies the conflict was principally over crops and by dint of naval battles. These skirmishes affected overseas trade and the flow of resources. In India, the conflict was mainly restricted to port cities and factories set up by the early English and french settlers along the Indian subcontinent. 3. triplicity trade was an extremely useful trading rule to transport goods, warm materials, and resources between Europe, the Americas, and Africa. European sailors ould travel down to Africa and exchange weapons (mostly) for African slaves from West African kings.These slaves were typically prisoners of contend that the rival African cities wanted to shake up rid of. Europeans would transp ort these slaves to the West Indies and North American colonies were they would be traded for bullion and raw materials found and grown in the naked as a jaybird World. Finally those ships would take the materials back to Europe were they could be sold and traded to the rest of the world. Triangle trade was an effective way for mercantilist empires to accommodate more self- ufficient and grow economically. 4. Initially, the Spanish conquered and controlled the largest empire in the Americas.They had colonies in a good deal of the abounding West Indies, all passim central America, most of randomness America, and the South West of North America. They would split much of their territories into juridical councils called audiencias. Each audiencia had a local formalised loyal to the Spanish crown called a Corregidor. Before the Bourbon reforms, Queen Isabella had assigned much of the colonial control to the Council of the Indies, hich nominated viceroys for the virgin World. Tr ade was mostly ruled by a flota system of yearly conveyance with Spain.With the Bourbon reforms, Charles Ill attemoted to reassert Spanish control over the colonies. He allowed more than one Spanish city (Cadiz) to trade with the red-hot World and opened more Caribbean ports. colonists) as the heads of society. They were the elites while the creoles were subordinate. 5. Slavery was introduced to the Americas through the triangle trading networks where large numbers of blacks were brought over form Africa. This wasnt the first nstitution of slavery, and it is one of the worst recordings of slavery throughout history.Slavery became a fundamental part of the plantation system and completely necessary to the in the altogether World colonies economies. Without slaves, much of the importunate economic growth experienced by the New World and Europe would non have occurred. The plantation system helped drive inhumane treatment of slaves because they were then seen as property, farm tools, that could be replaced. When they misbehaved or didnt function properly, the plantation owners would either pretend them through torture) or kill them. in spite of the harsh treatment of slaves, our country and numerous others would arguably never have gotten to where it is straightaway without them. 6. By the end of the sevensome days War, France and Austria came out defeated. In Europe, almost no borders or politics changed. Germany was still gainsay and Prussia remained a strong power with England at its back. In North America, France lost all of their colonies and possessions. England and her North American colonies defeated the French and with the Treaty of Paris, cast them out.The only real foothold France now held in the New World were through its West Indies possessions. extensive Britain now came out as a world power and probably the strongest nation up until the USAs uprising. 7. some(prenominal) European, especially British, events and ideas helped influen ce the American transmutation and drive the colonists to rebel. The John Wilkes affair which challenged the Kings power and the influence of Parliament. John Wilkes criticized the peace negotiations with France after the Seven Years War and gained much support from mall property owners and the nobles who wished to fail the kings power.America saying these demonstrations of proof as to the tyrannical nature of a monarchy. The resplendent Revolution also showed to the colonists how sometimes a new government must be instated to protect the people. Thinkers like John Locke and doubting Thomas Paine also widely influenced the minds of many Americans. The American Revolution also caused a domino effect over much of the New World colonies like Haiti and other South American areas. It displayed the Enlightenment characteristics and helped inspire the French revolution. Great British political radicals saw that taxation of their North American colonies as far and Just. England had prot ected and defended them throughout the Seven Years War and they must share some of the burden. Also, American colonists paid importantly less taxes than the English citizens in Great Britain so they had no reason to complain. Americans were scandalise because they were only represented through virtual(prenominal) representation. They felt that if the Parliament wished to tax the colonies, they must give them fair representation in Parliament, no taxation without