12 Inspiring Examples of Social Media Content Done Right

As a content marketer, you know it’s important to create quality content, but do you have a clear distribution strategy? As social media is the fastest and most cost-effective content amplification tool, you can’t afford to ignore it. Without a social media plan, your content is going to have a shorter lifespan. But how should you use social channels to promote your brand? For inspiration, we’ve selected six great examples of social media content from brands that are getting it right. Free Actionable Bonus: Free Actionable Bonus: Want to create better content for social media? Get the complete guide to building a social media strategy and creating content for social, plus 6 awesome examples to inspire your next post. How is Content Marketing on Social Media Different? Although there’s some overlap between content marketing and social media marketing, they each have different goals and priorities. Brands use social media for various reasons: to drive web traffic by posting links back to original content to build brand awareness by posting unique content to build customer relationships by interacting with users Unlike other content marketing channels, social media is a more informal setting. Users are more likely to interact with your company, so it’s great for getting direct feedback from customers and increasing brand loyalty. In contrast, content marketing on other channels enables brands to achieve other marketing goals. For example, to build their authority with long blog posts, to generate leads with white papers, or to drive sales with email marketing. Jason Miller, senior content marketing manager at LinkedIn Marketing Solutions, summed it up nicely when he said: â€Å"Social media channels are the tentacles from which your content extends its reach while opening up a direct line of communication with your customers and prospects.† Do you want to up your social media game? Here are six examples of brands doing a great job of social media content marketing: Grammarly: Having Fun to Grab Attention Although Grammarly is spelling and grammar checker, they don’t take themselves too seriously. As well as using blog posts to explain grammar rules, they’re great at using social media to make grammar fun. They often join in the Monday Motivation and Wednesday Wisdom hashtags on Twitter by posting funny and inspirational quotes. Their images overlaid with fun text are a simple but effective way to attract views and promote shares. Tip: Try pairing interesting one-liners or quotes with carefully chosen stock images to show the fun side of your brand. Use bold colors to make posts stand out on the page. Shelter Pet Project: Creating a Unique Voice Searching for families to adopt their cats and dogs, the pet rescue center uses personification and storytelling to make people fall in love with their animals. Their Facebook page is filled with pictures of animals and their stories to build empathy and inspire people to adopt. Using the â€Å"voice† of the animals in their social media posts, they instantly create more powerful messages that their audience will remember. Tip: Whatever you’re selling, there’s an opportunity to create a character or unique voice for your brand. What will your target audience relate to? Think of ways to tell your own product story to build empathy. Cooksmarts: Building Trust with Reviews While many brands display their reviews and case studies on their website, Cooksmarts uses social media. Their Twitter feed is full of genuine customers who have benefited from their meal plan service. By using customer photos and quotes, they add credibility to their business and turn customers into brand ambassadors. Their â€Å"Kitchen Hero† hashtag is a great example of planting positive consumer experiences into tweets. Tip: Ask customers how they’ve benefited from your products or services. Then ask for permission to use their quotes in future social media posts. Cisco: Attracting New Talent with Authenticity For some industries, social media doesn’t seem like the obvious choice for brand promotion. But even technology companies can benefit from its reach. The technology company Cisco even uses Snapchat to reach out to young professionals. To build awareness, Cisco recruited 20 employees from around the world and asked each one to create a Snapchat story about what it’s like to work at the company. By featuring stories from actual employees and using the â€Å"We Are Cisco† hashtag, it managed to connect with future talent across social media. Tip: Use employee-generated content to build authenticity and consumer trust. Worldwide Breast Cancer: Spreading a Message with Fun Imagery Even serious topics can be entertaining. The charity organization Worldwide Breast Cancer created Facebook and Twitter pages to fundraise and spread awareness of breast cancer and its symptoms. The â€Å"Know Your Lemons† hashtag uses fun images to highlight and explain a serious issue. The charity also uses trending news stories to fuel their social media campaign, referencing the infamous â€Å"covfefe† tweet in one Facebook post to highlight their message5. Tip: Use topical news stories in your social media posts to make your brand look more fun and up-to-date. Charmin: Using Humor to Build a Following Even when you sell products like toilet paper, you can still benefit from the power of social media. Charmin uses humor to spread the word about their brand, incorporating holidays and trending news stories into their brand’s messages. Here, they use National Spouses Day to promote their brand with gentle humor. They also use the â€Å"Tweet from the Seat† hashtag to increase brand awareness and engagement by encouraging user-generated content. Tip: You don’t need a glamorous product to run a hashtag campaign. Choose a hashtag that will resonate with your target audience, such as an inside joke. Starbucks: Get in the Holiday Spirit For Christmas 2016, Starbucks released its signature red coffee cups and started a competition on Instagram called â€Å"Red Cup Art.† It asked users to create the best festive art using their cups and share pictures of the results on Instagram using the hashtag #redcupart. The winner would win a years’ worth of free coffee. Tip: Ask your customers for photos using your products and offer a prize for the funniest or most creative entry. Rolex: Drive Engagement with Vivid Imagery Rolex creates beautiful product images and videos for Facebook that reinforce its classic image. The photos are always sleek and minimalist, and the care Rolex takes to create quality content ties in with the brand’s appeal to customers who value its sophisticated image. Tip: Think about how you can use images on Facebook to reinforce your brand’s image. Nike: Social Media as a Support Tool Nike’s Twitter account @NikeSupport is a great example of a company using social media to improve its customer service. Nike always uses friendly and light-hearted language to show they’re an approachable brand, and they always try to respond quickly and politely to customer questions. Tip: Set up a separate Twitter account that is focused on customer service. Mejuri: Highlight Your Customers The jewelry brand created a Pinterest board called â€Å"Styled By You† to encourage customers to send in photos of themselves wearing its jewelry. The user-generated content provided the brand with lots of quality images of their products in the real world. Tip: Create a private Pinterest board with a theme around your brand or your products that is only accessible to your team. Then repin the best user-generated pins to your public board. Barkbox: Using Videos to Connect with Customers The subscription service that delivers dog treats and toys to customers uses Instagram and YouTube to appeal directly to its target audience. They post visual content that their dog-loving customers can relate to and easily share. Tip: Create a series of YouTube videos around a theme that your target audience can really relate to. TOMS: Supporting a Cause Each year, the shoe company raises awareness for children’s health and education using social media. The company offered to donate a pair of shoes to a child in need for everyone who posted a barefoot Instagram photo with the hashtag #withoutshoes. In 2017, the campaign resulted in 27,435 children in 10 countries receiving new shoes. Tip: To gain respect and increase customer loyalty, communicate your company values. You don’t have to go as far as TOMS, but you can find a good cause to align your brand with. Final Thoughts On social media, it’s less about selling products and more about providing entertainment and inspiration. Even if you’re selling â€Å"boring† products, by using humor and generating positive emotions, you can extend the reach of your brand online. These examples prove that you don’t need a large marketing budget to amplify your content and promote your brand’s message. Often, the simplest social media campaigns are the most effective. You just need to find passion in what you do, be creative, and have some fun. If you love the content, the chances are your audience will love it too. Do you need unique content for your business? Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions and other assets to tell your brand story, drive SEO and win sales.

leisure and entertainment essays

leisure and entertainment essays In meiner Freizeit spiele ich FuBball , Kricket und Tennis. Ich hore Musik wenn Eminem singt.Am wochenende treffe ich mich mit meiner freunden und wir spielen FuBball und wir fahren rad. Ich bin sehr sportlich. Ich spiele FuBball, Tennis, Kricket, Tischtennis, Basketball und Hockey. Fruher habe ich fur die Schulmannschaft gespielt aber ich spiele nicht jetzt. Ich spiele nicht in einem Klub. Ich bin nicht so musikalisch aber ich hore Musik. Ich hore Dr DRE und Eminem gern. Ich gehe ins kino einmal pro woche um film zu sehen. Ich habe Scary Movie gern gesehen. Der letzte film, den ich gesehen habe war Any Given Sunday mit Cameron Diaz und LL.Cool.J. Ich gehe in schwimmbad einmal pro woche um zu schwimmen. Ich sehe jeden tag zwischen 5 bis 7 fern. Ich sehe Neighbours und Eastenders weil sie sehr interessant sind. Am wochenende gehe ich mit meinen freunden aus. Wir treffen uns bei mir zu Hause. Dann wir gehen zum Park um FuBball zu spielen. Letztes wochenende bin ich nach Springfield Park gegangen. Wir haben FuBball gespielt und chips gegessen. In den Sommer machen wir Familienausfluge nach Birminghham und Manchester. In Hackney kann man in Park FuBball spielen, schwimmen gehen, ins Kino gehen und Radfahren. Freizeit ist wichtig weil man viel Stress hat in der schule. Ich wurde nach Amerika flieigen, wenn ich die ganze woche frei hatte. Ich will meine Kousin besuchen. Das letzte Buch, das ich gelesen habe war Harry Potter von JK Rowling und es war langweilig. ...

Refrace week 4 dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Refrace week 4 dq - Essay Example His actions however were never authorised by the UBS organisation. There was no communication back and forth . Verhezen (2010) discusses the stress on ‘voice’ in an organisation’s culture. The members of such a group must have a voice which others can both hear and understand. If this does not happen it could be because they are avoiding communication , a form of passive evasion. It can also be the result of an unwillingness to conform to the group’s usual rules . If this is seen to be important to an organisation then all its members, at whatever level in the company, must be free to raise questions and to discuss the existing guidelines . If implementing of the current guidelines is found to be unfair or biased in some way, then the fact that they are just accepted isn’t a good thing. If the actions such as those undertaken by this trader are judged to be morally wrong, then he is actually taking action against the norms of the organization . Top management should be the people who keep a company on track and if the actions of those lower down the hierarchy are neither praised of chastised, then this ‘silence’ on the part of the bosses will be interpreted as silently giving support to the action of individuals day by day. When such actions are participated in by large numbers of employees these actions becomes part of the company culture, whatever the official ethos or mission statement. The behaviour therefore becomes considered to be approved of and acceptable until the day comes when disaster strikes, as in this case. Only then do the actions become overt and are labelled as being at the least unethical, and in an extreme case as worthy of a criminal charge The problem is that no one , except their own conscience, polices those at the very top. If top management work only to please the board , without more careful consideration of ethical issues, then control and reputations may well be lost

Analysis of Food and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Food and Culture - Essay Example The paper tells important facts about the food. The culture of food in America has influenced ethnic and religious groups in the region. Food and culture in America are interesting because the native Americans have interacted with foreign cultures. There are rules on which foods are edible in the American culture. In the American culture, wild animals are not considered as edible. They believe that the animal is required to live free in the wild. On the contrary, in the Chinese culture snakes are considered edible. In the bible, snakes are among the few animals that were not edible. In central Europe, the food individuals eat is linked to their religious beliefs. An individual who eats pork is a Christian. In Judaism and Islam cultures, individuals are prohibited eat pork by their cultures. Italians believe that people are what they eat and what one eats defines them. A typical Italian family will celebrate their holidays, with special foods. It means that Italian culture respects holidays and they do celebrate their holidays with nutritious food. Roast turkey and Ravioli suggest an Italian family celebrating one of the many holidays in the calendars. Wine is an important part of Italian meals and it is viewed as a form of art (Kittler & Sucher, 2008). Dishes in Italian foods are dominated by tomatoes. Mexican culture includes a vast variety of food items that has influenced the American culture. Cultural influences in the Mexican cultures have made it rich and authentic. They are known to have spicy food, which was influenced by the Mayan culture.

Debate of separating retail banking from investment banking 02051 Essay

Debate of separating retail banking from investment banking 02051 - Essay Example The concept was highlighted for the first time in Liikanen report where the structural reform was proposed for banks within the European Union (Vickers, 2013). Arguments in favour of structuralism suggest that risk level is very low in retail banking and these facilities are essential while investment banking is inessential and also relatively risky in terms of transaction. Further arguments point that the separation will ensure that public safety is retained by means of low risk and essential activities while market forces freely regulate risk taking activities in investment banking (Vickers, 2013). However, things are not as simple as these arguments because retail banking is equally risky for it is prone to credit risk due to lending activities. A number of authors argued that mere separation will not protect the banking sector from risk externalities (Peston, 2011; Halligan, 2014). Consequently, the paper evaluates the current situation in this regard, effectiveness and consequences of the separation of banking sector on consumers and the economic system. The proposal of banking separation is result of financial crisis and reckless risk appetite of banking and consequently, it is imperative to briefly discuss the crisis and its impact which led to the ongoing situation. According to Wehinger (2013), players of private sector noted that profound improvements have been undertaken in the asset management industry and banking sector in terms of risk management as a result of the crisis. Post crisis, significant planned changes have been brought in European banks while structural changes in business models have been brought in by various global banks. Several regulatory rules have been proposed for improving effectiveness of risk capital model and treat the issue of capital scarcity with utmost sincerity. It has already been mentioned that commercial banking is not devoid of flaws and risks and consequently, it was established that commercial and

En Tunisie Le Commerce

En Tunisie Le Commerce En Tunisie, le commerce à ©lectronique connaà ®t un essor notable et il est considà ©rà © comme secteur clà ©.Là ©volution du commerce à ©lectronique est en corrà ©lation avec là ©volution de linternet notamment du haut dà ©bit. En effet, il influence plusieurs secteurs notamment le secteur de tourisme qui se dà ©veloppe en E-tourisme. LE-Tourisme ou le tourisme en ligne peut se dà ©finir comme lutilisation de lInternet et du Commerce en ligne pour vendre des produits ou services touristiques. La dà ©cennie 2000 a fait lobjet dune vaste recomposition du paysage des entreprises du secteur du tourisme à   travers le monde, qui sest manifestà ©e essentiellement par la crà ©ation dun grand nombre dagences de vente en ligne. Les entreprises du secteur touristique sont dà ©jà   habituà ©es à   à ©voluer rapidement pour rà ©pondre à   la demande des consommateurs. En effet, en fonction des modes et des tendances, les voyagistes ou les hà ´teliers doivent innover, crà ©er de nouveaux services et surtout interagir entre eux. Si le tourisme est le leader du commerce à ©lectronique, cest en partie grà ¢ce à   sa dà ©matà ©rialisation. Les internautes ont trà ¨s vite appris à   se substituer aux agences de voyages et aujourdhui les e-touristes sont de vrais spà ©cialistes de loutil Internet. Bien que le e-tourisme tende à   devenir une habitude de consommation pour de nombreux internautes, les e-touristes sont encore des gens à   part. Leurs caractà ©ristiques les rendent orignaux au regard des autres utilisateurs web mais pourtant, ils deviennent de plus en plus accros à   loutil Internet et convertissent le reste de la socià ©tà ©. Chapitre I: ETUDE DU PROJET Introduction Dans ce chapitre, nous prà ©senterons là ©tude prà ©alable qui prend en compte un ensemble de paramà ¨tres tel quune prà ©sentation gà ©nà ©rale du projet et de la socià ©tà © ainsi quune à ©tude du marchà © qui sont nà ©cessaires pour la rà ©alisation de notre projet. I.1. Etude prà ©alable I.1.1. Cadre du projet Dans le cadre de notre projet en informatique de gestion spà ©cialisà © en service en ligne, nous avons effectuà © dans une boite de dà ©veloppement un stage durant 3mois du 1er fà ©vrier jusquà   la fin du mois davril à   fin de rà ©aliser une application de gestion de rà ©servation hà ´telià ¨re en ligne. I.1.2.Prà ©sentation du projet Notre projet porte sur la gestion hà ´telià ¨re qui est une vitalità © indispensable dans le dà ©roulement des actività ©s normales dun hà ´tel. Notre travail a pour objectif la conception et limplà ©mentation dune application de gestion de rà ©servation hà ´telià ¨re qui prendra en compte toutes les contraintes qui peuvent survenir lorsquun client à ©tablit des rà ©servations. A travers notre application, il est possibles de và ©rifier la liste des chambres disponibles selon les crità ¨res souhaità ©s par le client ainsi de les rà ©server afin dà ªtre occupà ©es ultà ©rieurement. I.1.3. Prà ©sentation de la socià ©tà © IC Solutions est une jeune socià ©tà © de service à ©tablie depuis juin 2008 et spà ©cialisà ©e dans les solutions de gestion informatique. Son portefeuille comprend aujourdhui une centaine de clients dans des secteurs aussi varià ©s que lhà ´tellerie, la thalassothà ©rapie, le Golf et les PME/PMI et le systà ¨me back-office. La socià ©tà © est focalisà ©e sur les services à   haute valeur ajoutà ©e et verticales notamment les serveurs bases de donnà ©es (centrales de rà ©servations pour hà ´tellerie de golf) servant de passerelles aux sites de rà ©servation en ligne. Il propose aussi leurs services pour le dà ©veloppement et la mise en place des passerelles et serveurs de donnà ©es pour un dà ©ploiement intranet ou accà ¨s public sà ©curisà © via internet. Les coordonnà ©es de cette socià ©tà © sont: I.2.Etude de lexistant Pour pouvoir prendre des dà ©cisions pertinentes, lentreprise, en tant que systà ¨me ouvert, doit tenir compte de son environnement ce qui inclus un certain nombre de composants qui ne se limitent pas à   ses partenaires à ©conomiques (clients, fournisseurs†¦). Dune manià ¨re à ©tendue, on dà ©finit lenvironnement dune entreprise comme à ©tant  «ensemble des donnà ©es et des variables externes à   lentreprise qui ont une influence sur son fonctionnement et quelle doit intà ©grer à   sa stratà ©gie ».[1] Cet environnement se divise en environnement gà ©nà ©ral et en environnement spà ©cifique. Nous prà ©senterons alors relativement lenvironnement gà ©nà ©ral et celui spà ©cifique puis lanalyse concurrentielle et nous en dà ©duirons lanalyse SWOT. I.2.1. Environnement gà ©nà ©ral Lenvironnement gà ©nà ©ral du projet est lensemble des donnà ©es externes qui linfluence et sur lesquelles elle peut agir .il regroupe tous les facteurs à ©conomiques, juridiques, socioculturels et technologiques. Alor lanalyse PEST (politique, à ©conomique, sociale, technologique) est une mà ©thode trà ¨s importante pour la dà ©marche du projet. v Etude de lenvironnement technologique Dans une situation à ©conomique caractà ©risà ©e par une forte concurrence, les à ©volutions technologiques se traduisent souvent par la remise en cause des rapports de force entre les entreprises dun mà ªme secteur puisque son incorporation rapide dans lentreprise peut lui procurer un avantage compà ©titif, certain durable ou temporaire. Selon notre projet là ©tude de lenvironnement technologique concerne les pays europà ©ens, et le reste du monde y compris la Tunisie. Pour cela, nous devons à ©tudier laugmentation rapide de lutilisation de linternet en Tunisie et en Europe: En Tunisie[2]: LInternet a connu ses dà ©buts en Tunisie en 1996, par le lancement de lagence tunisienne dInternet ATI. Cette dernià ¨re a à ©tà © crà ©Ãƒ ©e pour promouvoirlInternet en Tunisie en tant quopà ©rateur national rattachà © au ministà ¨re des technologies de la communication et du transport. Au dà ©but, lInternet à ©tait limità ©e aux professionnels et pour les particuliers qui souhaitent se connecter à   Internet, ils devaient se rendre dans ce quon appelle un publinet (là ©quivalent du cyber en France). Petit à   petit, lInternet en 56 K a commencà © à   introduire les mà ©nages tunisiens jusquà   ce que lADSL fasse son entrà ©e de manià ¨re plus gà ©nà ©ralisà ©e en 2005. Un an aprà ¨s, et aprà ¨s la tenue du SMSI (Sommet Mondial des Socià ©tà ©s dInformation) en novembre 2006, la Tunisie sest donnà ©e comme objectif daugmenterle nombre dabonnà ©s à   lADSL en ajoutant 120.000 lignes supplà ©mentaires aux 12.000 dà ©jà   existantes. Selon les statistiques de fà ©vrier2007, le nombre dutilisateurs dInternet en Tunisie a atteint 1.393.500 avec un nombre de contrat de 140.189 dont 48.655 contrat à   lADSL. Quant au raccordement à   lADSL, Tunisie Tà ©là ©com est le seul opà ©rateur tà ©là ©phonique à   le faire pour le moment. Le nombre de lignes ADSL a atteint les 305.000 lignes en dà ©cembre 2007. Pour la Tunisie, le nombre dabonnà ©s au rà ©seau Internet / 1000 habitants. En Europe[4]: Selon une à ©tude de lECTA (European Competitive Telecommunications Association) plus de 64 millions dEuropà ©ens avaient accà ¨s à   lInternet haut dà ©bit dans les 25 pays membres de lUE à   la fin du premier trimestre 2006. Le taux de pà ©nà ©tration moyen du haut dà ©bit dans lUE atteint dà ©sormais 14%. Une moyenne honorable comparà ©e au taux de pà ©nà ©tration du haut dà ©bit au Japon (18,3%) ou aux Etats-Unis (17,3%). Avec prà ¨s de 53 millions daccà ¨s au 31 mars 2006, lADSL demeure la technologie daccà ¨s à   lInternet rapide dominante en Europe, captant environ 82% du parc total haut dà ©bit, loin devant le cà ¢ble dont la part de marchà © est restà ©e stable à   16%. Par ailleurs, lUE compte prà ¨s de 677.450 accà ¨s trà ¨s haut dà ©bit par fibre optique, ou technologie FTTH (Fiber to the home). La France accuse un là ©ger retard sur cette technologie par rapport à   certains de ses voisins europà ©ens, notamment la Suà ¨de et lItalie (respectivement 313.000 et 233.000 accà ¨s FTTH), le Danemark (11.971 lignes). Depuis le mois davril au 30 juin 2008, laugmentation a à ©tà © de 3%, ce qui reprà ©sente 448000 abonnà ©s supplà ©mentaires contre une augmentation de 18% (2,53 millions) sur lannà ©e à ©coulà ©e (30 juin 2007 au 30 juin 2008). Ces deux statistiques montrent que malgrà © là ©volution rà ©alisà ©e au niveau dinternet, il reste un à ©cart entre les pays dà ©veloppà ©s et la Tunisie. v Etude de lenvironnement socioculturel Lenvironnement socioculturel englobe tous ce qui culture dachat à   distance, perception dinternet et taux de dà ©tention de cartes bancaires. Le tableau suivant donne quelque indicateur sur le mode de paiement en Tunisie. En Europe[7]: Un Europà ©en sur trois a effectuà © un achat sur internet en 2008. La Commission europà ©enne met en avant la popularità © grandissante de le-commerce. La commissaire europà ©enne en charge de la consommation, regrette cependant que les consommateurs se limitent aux marchà ©s nationaux et nà ©gligent majoritairement les commerà §ants en ligne des autres pays europà ©ens. Le nombre dEuropà ©ens à   avoir achetà © au moins un article sur internet, a grimpà © de 27 % en 2006 à   33 % en 2008 pour sà ©tablir à   150 millions de consommateurs. Cest surtout au Danemark (59%), en Grande-Bretagne (57%) et aux Pays-Bas (56%) que les achats en ligne sont extrà ªmement populaires. v Etude de lenvironnement à ©conomique Il sagit tout dabord du systà ¨me à ©conomique dans lequel à ©volue le projet (systà ¨me capitaliste ou socialiste par exemple) mais il sagit surtout de là ©volution des principales variables à ©conomiques (inflation, croissance à ©conomique, à ©volution du taux de change†¦) qui a une incidence sur la politique du projet (politique dinvestissement, dà ©localisation†¦). v Etude de lenvironnement politique Dans sa stratà ©gie nationale de promotion et de dà ©veloppement du commerce à ©lectronique, la Tunisie met laccent sur la nà ©cessità © de modifier certaines lois lià ©es aux obligations et contrats, à   la vente à   distance, au code pà ©nal et à   lensemble des textes ayant trait aux documents et signature à ©lectronique. Pour cela, elle a menà © les travaux suivants : Ø Modifications des lois:  · Loi n ° 99-89 du 2 aoà »t 1999 : Code pà ©nal (des infractions portant sur le commerce et lindustrie).  · Loi n ° 98-40 du 2 juin 1998 : techniques de vente et la publicità © commerciale.  · Loi n ° 2000-57 du 13 juin 2000 : code des obligations et des contrats Ø Promulgations des lois :  · Loi n ° 2000-83 du 9 aoà »t 2000, relative aux à ©changes et commerce à ©lectronique  · Loi n ° 2004-63 du 27 juillet 2004, portant sur la protection des donnà ©es à   caractà ¨re personnel.  · Loi n °2005-51 du 27 juin 2005 relative au transfert à ©lectronique des fonds. I.2.2. Environnement spà ©cifique Le projet peut influencer certaines variables dans son environnement spà ©cifique ou micro environnement avec laction sur les partenaires, les fournisseurs, les marchà ©s, les concurrents, les clients, la technologie. Et grà ¢ces à   tous ces facteurs, la rà ©alisation de ce projet nà ©cessite une à ©tude stratà ©gique du comportement des consommateurs et de la concurrence. I.2.3. Etude concurrentielle Là ©tude concurrentiellea pour objectif de comparer notre site avec celui des autres compà ©titeurs intervenant dans le mà ªme domaine. Rà ©alisà © par nos analystes, il porte sur tous les aspects qui font la diffà ©rence sur le Web : * La page daccueil : structure et contenus mis en avant * Ergonomie : les outils de navigation privilà ©già ©s * Les meilleurs outils de fidà ©lisation utilisà ©s * Les processus davant-vente et de commande les plus aboutis * Les contenus et les services à   valeur ajoutà ©e * Le niveau dinteractività © et la qualità © de la relation clients-prospects Dans ce cas on va à ©tudier la concurrence qui existe à   là ©chelle nationale puis a là ©chelle internationale. v La concurrence a là ©chelle nationale Traveltodo, agence tunisienne de voyage spà ©cialisà ©e dans la rà ©servation des sà ©jours hà ´teliers et touristiques via internet, a affichà © des acquis performants durant lannà ©e à ©coulà ©e pour atteindre 70000 clients en 2009 contre 18000 clients en 2007. Cette agence prà ©sente tout ce qui est nouveautà ©, promotion et autre offre, il propose aussi la rà ©servation de voyages hors de Tunisie et la possibilità © de payer en ligne votre billet davion, votre hà ´tel ainsi que la location dune voiture sur plus de 1000 destinations à   travers le monde. Traveltodo possà ¨de un site dynamique qui prà ©sente des catalogues et des offres dont la page daccueil est la suivante: Mix marketing: à ¼ Prix: Les utilisateurs cherchent toujours les meilleures offres de tous les sites, alors toutes les agences de voyage en ligne offrent presque les mà ªmes prix pour la rà ©servation dhà ©bergement avec une diffà ©rence limità ©e. Cest pour cette raison, Traveltodo encourage leurs internautes par la rà ©duction des prix à   chaque fois quils rà ©servent plus en utilisant le site pour quils deviennent des clients fidà ¨les. Dautre part, le prix peuvent augmentà ©s ou diminuer selon: type dhà ©bergement type de la chambre vue de la chambre la saison à ¼ Produit: Traveltodo propose leurs produits comme à ©tant des services. Ces services spà ©cialisà ©s dans la rà ©servation comme: hà ©bergement selon la localisation et la catà ©gorie dhà ´tel et la saison. location des voitures billets davion, bateaux†¦.. à ¼ Communication: traveltodo utilise les offres et les promotions comme à ©tant une publicità © de leur service, il les publie sur le site dans la page daccueil spà ©cifique à   chaque saison et disponible pour tout le monde (internaute ou client). Et puisque la page daccueil de nimporte quel site est le miroir de ses services, traveltodo utilise la publication de leur offre comme une mà ©thode dattirer le grand maximum des clients. à ¼ Interface client: cest une interface disponible seulement pour le client, il rà ©pond à   tous ses besoins, elle contient: contexte: la liaison entre les pages est gà ©nà ©ralement rapide à   laide dun simple click, il est basà © sur les caractà ¨res suivants: moteur de recherche disponible pour la facilità © des recherches, toutes les informations lisibles et claires pour la navigation, toutes les taches sont exà ©cutables. communication: la communication entre ladministrateur et le client est une chose trà ¨s importante pour la continuità © des services. La communication peut se faire à   partir de newsletter ou à   partir de-mail ou par le numà ©ro de tà ©là ©phone ou par ladresse locale. contenu: le contenu du site est limage de leurs services. Travel todo prà ©sente une galerie des photos pour chaque hà ´tel avec la description dà ©taillà ©e pour les caractà ©ristiques, il affiche aussi des informations fiables et importantes pour les offres connexion: la connexion est disponible à   travers des liens internes. commercial: dans le domaine de commerce à ©lectronique et le service en ligne, le mode de paiement est un peut risquer, car il se fait totalement en ligne, est le seul moyen cest dutiliser un paiement sà ©curisà ©, comme les services de Paypal (basà © sur linfrastructure financià ¨re existante des comptes et cartes bancaires) ou les services de SPS pour lencodage et le traitement sà ©curisà © des donnà ©es bancaires. à ¼ Critique: le site traveltodo prà ©sente des points forts et des points faibles comme tous les sites: les points forts:  · site guidà © par des liens interne un moteur de recherche  · Autre service disponible  · Paiement sà ©curisà ©  · Mise à   jour pour les offres et les promotions les points faibles:  · Mal prà ©sentation des photos v La concurrence a là ©chelle internationale: Le groupe Promovacances est le spà ©cialiste du voyage en ligne. N °1 Franà §ais de la vente de sà ©jours sur Internet, le site propose aujourdhui loffre de voyages la plus large et la plus complà ¨te du marchà ©, avec plus de 5000 produits rà ©actualisà ©s quotidiennement, sur plus de 200 destinations. Lobsession de ce site est dassurer le meilleur rapport qualità © / prix sur les sà ©jours, circuits, week-ends, hà ´tels, locations, vols, croisià ¨res Lannà ©e dernià ¨re plus de 400 000 clients ont fait confiance. Mix marketing: à ¼ Prix: promovacances est lun des meilleurs sites de rà ©servations en ligne, il propose leurs prix aprà ¨s lanalyse dà ©taillà ©e des autres sites de mà ªme domaine dactività ©. Promovacances cità ©s plusieurs prix de rà ©servation selon: catà ©gorie et localisation dhà ´tel, type des chambres et nombre des personnes catà ©gorie et localisation dhà ´tel, type des chambres et nombre des personnes plus le vol (nombre des personnes). à ¼ Produit: Promovacances propose leurs produits comme à ©tant des services. Ces services ne sont pas limità ©s ils offrent dautres services comme: des idà ©es de vacances des croisià ¨res des offres spà ©cialà ©ess pour les familles et les enfants rà ©servation des billets davion à ¼ Communication: Promovacances utilise les offres et les promotions comme à ©tant une publicità © de leurs services, il les publie sur le site dans la page daccueil, parmi ces offres on peut citer: sà ©jour billet davion ski croisià ¨re à ¼ Interface client: cest une interface disponible seulement pour le client, il rà ©pond à   tous ses besoins, elle contient: contexte: le site est bien crà ©Ãƒ © il contient des informations lisibles et bien prà ©sentà ©es qui rà ©pondent aux demandes de ses utilisateurs . communication: la communication entre ladministrateur et le client est une chose trà ¨s importante pour la continuità © des services offerts. La communication dans ce site peut se faire à   partir de-mail ou par le numà ©ro de tà ©là ©phone ou par ladresse locale . contenu: le contenu du site est limage de leurs services. Promovacances prà ©sente une galerie des photos pour chaque hà ´tel avec une description dà ©taillà ©e, il affiche aussi des informations fiables et importantes comme les offres avec lutilisation des couleurs gaies et attirantes pour attirer le grand maximum des utilisateurs. La navigation est facile entre les pages ce qui facilite la recherche, aussi la mise à   jour rà ©gulià ¨re des promotions et des offres. connexion: des liens lisibles et clairs pour la facilità © des recherches. à ¼ Critique: le site Promovacances prà ©sente des points forts et des points faibles -les points forts:  · Page daccueil bien prà ©sentà ©e  · Les photos et les offres sont bien placà ©es  · lisibilità © et facilità © de navigation -les points faibles:  · Manque danimation au niveau des offres et des publicità ©s I.2.4. Analyse SWOT Lanalyse SWOT: (Forces Faiblesses Opportunità ©s, Menaces) permet didentifier les forces et les faiblesses internes dune entità ©, ses opportunità ©s dà ©volution ainsi que les menaces susceptibles daffecter sa raison dà ªtre ou de compromettre latteinte de ses objectifs. Il est utilisà © pour construire un projet et pour rà ©viser la stratà ©gie dune entità ©. Les opportunità ©s et menaces permettent de dà ©finir les orientations de dà ©veloppement relatives au positionnement externe. Les forces et les faiblesses permettent de dà ©finir les orientations damà ©lioration interne portant sur la structure et le mode de fonctionnement de lentità ©. Entreprise Marchà © Force Faiblesses Opportunità ©s Menaces  · la clartà © et la sà ©curità © de la partie paiement .Clartà © de loffre de contenus et des services .Des promotions rà ©gulià ¨res. .IC-solutions est nouvellement crà ©e. .Manque de clientà ¨le, la socià ©tà © est entrain de prospecter des nouveaux clients. .Manque de personnel. .Letourisme en Tunisieest lun des secteurs les plus dynamiques de là ©conomie de la Tunisieet une source dedevisespour le pays. Le tourisme a un effet dentraà ®nement sur dautres secteurs à ©conomiques, tels que le transport aà ©rien, lartisanat, le commerce et le bà ¢timent .le domaine de tourisme est devenu plus riche à   cause de lencouragement de là ©tat .là ©volution de domaine de E-commerce et E-tourisme .la diversità © des types des touristes .Environnement international de plus en plus concurrentiel .la richesse des services de nos concurrents qui ne se limitent pas à   la rà ©servation hà ´telià ¨re interne mais elle passe au niveau international ChapitreII: Etude et spà ©cification des besoins II.1. Choix du langage de modà ©lisation Pour dà ©velopper une application, il ne faut pas se lancer tà ªte baissà ©e dans là ©criture du code. Il faut dabord organiser les idà ©es, les documenter, puis organiser la rà ©alisation en dà ©finissant les modules et à ©tapes de la rà ©alisation. Cest cette dà ©marche antà ©rieure à   là ©criture que lon appelle modà ©lisation », et pour mener à   bien notre projet, nous avons choisi dutiliser la mà ©thodologie UML. Cest une mà ©thode, une description normative des à ©tapes de la modà ©lisation: les auteurs dUML ont en effet estimà © quil nà ©tait pas opportun de dà ©finir une telle mà ©thode en raison de la diversità © des cas particuliers. IUML comporte 12 diagrammes standards reprà ©sentant autant de vues dun systà ¨me dinformation.Ces diagrammes se rà ©partissent en trois catà ©gories : quatre reprà ©sentent la structure statique de lapplication (diagrammes de classe, dobjet, de composant et de dà ©ploiement) ; cinq reprà ©sentent son comportement dynamique (diagrammes de cas dutilisation, de sà ©quence, dactività ©, de collaboration et dà ©tat) ; trois reprà ©sentent la faà §on dont on peut organiser et gà ©rer les modules qui composent le programme (diagrammes de packages, sous-systà ¨mes et modà ¨les). structure statique structure dynamique Organisation et gestion des modules -Diagramme de classe -Diagramme dobjet -Diagramme de composant -Diagramme de dà ©ploiement -diagramme de cas dutilisation -diagramme de sà ©quence -diagramme dactività © -diagramme de collaboration -diagramme dà ©tat -diagramme de packages -diagramme de sous-systà ¨mes -diagramme des modà ¨les Ces diagrammes sont dune utilità © variable selon les cas et ils ne sont pas tous nà ©cessairement produits à   loccasion de la modà ©lisation. Les plus utiles pour la maà ®trise douvrage sont les diagrammes dactività ©, de cas dutilisation, de classe, dobjet, de sà ©quence. Les diagrammes de composants, de dà ©ploiement et de collaboration sont surtout utiles pour la maà ®trise dÅ“uvre à   qui ils permettent de formaliser les contraintes techniques de la rà ©alisation et la solution technique retenue. II.2. Besoins fonctionnels Le rà ©sultat souhaità © de notre projet est une application web de rà ©servation hà ´telià ¨re qui sadresse aux particuliers cherchant une mà ©thode plus rapide et efficace de rà ©servation hà ´telià ¨re (rà ©servation en ligne), ainsi que chaque hà ´tel dà ©sire publier ses offres. En effet, cette application est composà ©e de Cinq espaces: le premier est lespace extà ©rieur qui est accessible par tout le monde, le deuxià ¨me est lespace membre qui est accessible seulement par les membres inscrits se son les clients. Le troisià ¨me est lespace backoffice du site qui est nest accessible que par ladministrateur. Le quatrià ¨me est lespace responsable dhà ´tel (chaque hà ´tel a son responsable) . Le site doit garantir et assurer un certain nombre de fonctionnalità ©s pour les diffà ©rents utilisateurs du site: linternaute, le client, lagent dhà ´tel, et ladministrateur. Ces besoins sont regroupà ©s dans ce qui suit par type dutilisateur. v Les besoins fonctionnels de ladministrateur Un administrateur est utilisateur spà ©cifique habilità © à   gà ©rer les informations enregistrà ©es dans la base de donnà ©es et passà © dans tous droits de la gestion des utilisateurs à   la gestion de droit daccà ¨s. En bref, ladministrateur nest soumis à   aucune restriction, cela signifie quil a accà ¨s à   toutes les donnà ©es et toutes les informations en temps rà ©el. Un administrateur a pour rà ´le: Ø Sauthentifier Ø Gà ©rer ces utilisateurs Ø Gà ©rer les offres Ø Gà ©rer les messages Ø Mise à   jour Ø Validation final de rà ©servation Ø Faire des statistiques (nombre de la rà ©servation par rà ©gion) Ø La validation de toutes les donnà ©es saisies par les membres inscrits v Les besoins fonctionnels dun internaute Un internaute est dà ©fini comme toute personne pouvant afficher une page sans avoir à   sidentifier au prà ©alable. Ø Consulter catalogues Ø Faire des recherches: linternaute peut avoir accà ¨s aux offres rapidement grà ¢ce à   loutil de recherche, (rapide) par lutilisation de mots clà ©s Ø Sinscrire comme membre: elle seffectue en passant par deux à ©tapes. En premier lieu, linternaute remplit un formulaire oà ¹ il saisit des informations personnelles. En second lieu, il reà §oit un email de validation qui lui permet de valider son compte. Ø Consulter les offres Ø Contacter ladministrateur v Les besoins fonctionnels dun client Un client est une personne enregistrà ©e dans la base de donnà ©e et pouvant gà ©rer dautres fonctionnalità ©s autre que la consultation. Ø Sauthentifier Ø Faire des recherches: linternaute peut avoir accà ¨s aux offres rapidement grà ¢ce à   loutil de recherche (rapide) par lutilisation de mots clà ©s Ø Consulter catalogues Ø Effectuer rà ©servation Ø Payer rà ©servation Ø Consulter et sà ©lectionner les offres Ø Consulter son espace Ø Gà ©rer ces rà ©servations v Les besoins fonctionnels dun agent dhà ´tel Un responsable dhà ´tel est une personne qui a le droit de gà ©rer son espace (Hà ´tel) et leur base de donnà ©es et na aucune relation avec les autres espaces des autres hà ´tels c.-à  -d. chaque hà ´tel a son responsable. Il peut: Ø Sauthentifier Ø Gà ©rer hà ´tel (ajouter, modifier, supprimer des informations) Ø Gà ©rer catalogue (ajouter, modifier ou supprimer des photos) II.3. Besoins non fonctionnels La spà ©cification des besoins est une description de lensemble des contraintes (esthà ©tiques, ergonomiques et techniques) caractà ©risant le site pour que les besoins fonctionnels soient opà ©rationnels. II.3.1. Les Contraintes esthà ©tiques En ce qui concerne le choix des couleurs, on a utilisà © le bleu, le blanc, le noir. Le bleu : cest une couleur qui revà ªt un caractà ¨re neutre, dacceptation globale, dà ©là ©vation, de paix intà ©rieure et de calme. Aussi Le bleu est la couleur de la fraà ®cheur, de limagination et de la paix et à ©galement celle de la royautà © et de la noblesse. Le blanc: La couleur blanche est le symbole de la puretà © et de linnocence. Elle est la rà ©union de couleurs primaires et cest sans doute pour cela, outre sa couleur neutre, quelle se marie avec tout. Mieux, elle harmonise le tout : agrandit lespace, le purifie, lui donne une touche dà ©là ©gance, donne du reflet aux autres couleurs. En un mot, elle illumine. Le noir: Le noir est là ©là ©gance et la distinction par excellence. Pourtant sombre, cest la couleur du luxe, de la richesse et de sà ©rieux. II.3.2. Les Contraintes dergonomie Les contraintes ergonomiques concernent la faà §on dont les utilisateurs vont pouvoir utiliser le site.  § La navigation doit à ªtre simple et claire. Le navigateur doit pouvoir dà ©couvrir tous les liens et ait accà ¨s à   toutes les pages sans à ªtre perdu.  § Pour la lisibilità © il faut sassurer de la clartà © des liens et du contenu de telle sorte que le navigateur puisse trouver tout ce quil dà ©sire le plus vite possible.  § Il faut sassurer que le contenu soit bien structurà © et bien organisà © pour attirer un plus grand nombre de visiteurs et les inciter à   passer une durà ©e plus longue à   naviguer sur ce site. II.3.3. Les Contraintes techniques La crà ©ation dune application web nà ©cessite lutilisation dun langage de programmation qui permet la manipulation des informations qui sont stockà ©es dans une base de donnà ©es. Pour crà ©er R-Hà ´tel, nous avons recours au langage PHP, JavaScript et MySQL pour crà ©er la base des donnà ©es du fait que nous avons assez de connaissances sur ces langages. II.4. Formulations des besoins sous forme de cas dutilisations II.4.1. Diagramme de cas dutilisation a-Dà ©finition Un cas dutilisation est une faà §on dutiliser le systà ¨me. Le terme cas dutilisation est explicite : dans quel cas tel acteur utilise-t-il le systà ¨me ? Chaque rà ©ponse à   cette question est donc par dà ©finition un cas dutilisation. Les cas dutilisation font aujourdhui partie intà ©grante dUML et constituent dailleurs le premier crità ¨re à   prendre en compte dans le choix de la mà ©thode associà ©e à   UML. Ils font rà ©fà ©rence aux acteurs, aux choses externes au systà ¨me et qui communiquentavec le systà ¨me. Un cas dutilisation est constituà © dun ensemble dinteractionsentre acteur(s) et systà ¨me. Cette caractà ©ristique est extrà ªmement importante : les cas reprà ©sentent des interactions. b- Les diffà ©rentes relations entre cas dutilisation Les cas dutilisation servent à   dà ©finir les besoins des acteurs et à   identifier dans quel but vont-ils se servir du systà ¨me. Un cas dutilisation exprime les interactions entre les acteurs et le systà ¨me et apporte une valeur ajoutà ©e à   lacteur concernà ©. Une figure comme une personne humaine ou un robot qui peut à ªtre plusieurs acteurs pour un systà ¨me, cest pourquoi les acteurs doivent surtout à ªtre dà ©crits par leur rà ´le, ce rà ´le dà ©crit les besoins et les capacità ©s de lacteur. Alors Un acteur agit sur le systà ¨me. Dautre part, une à ©clipse reprà ©sentant le nom du cas dutilisation soit la tache à   effectuer. Un acteur peut avoir plusieurs rà ´les et peut à ©galement hà ©riter les rà ´les dautres acteurs. Participation de lacteur signalà ©e par une flà ¨che entre lacteur et le cas dutilisation Les relations entre cas dutilisation sont dà ©finies comme suit: Les inclusions: Dans ce type dinteraction le premier cas englobe lautre et son issue dà ©pend souvent de la rà ©solution du second. Ce type de description est utile pour extraire un ensemble de sous comportement commun à   plusieurs tà ¢ches, comme une macro en programmation. Elle est reprà ©sentà ©e par une flà ¨che en pointillà ©e et le termeinclude. Les extensions: Les extensions (Extend) reprà ©sentent des prolongements logiques de certaines tà ¢ches sous certaines conditions. Autrement dit un cas dutilisation A à ©tend un cas dutilisation B lorsque le cas dutilisation A peut à ªtre appelà © au cours de lexà ©cution du cas dutilisation B. Elle est reprà ©sentà ©e par une flà ¨che avec le termeExtend. Ce type de relation peut à ªtre utile pour traiter des cas particuliers ou prà ©ciser les objectifs, ou pour tenir compte de nouvelles exigences au cours de la maintenance du systà ¨me et de son à ©volution. Les gà ©nà ©ralisations: La troisià ¨me relation est la relation de gà ©nà ©ralisation ou spà ©cialisation. Le cas dutilisation A est une gà ©nà ©ra

American poet Jack Kerouac Essay

American poet Jack Kerouac has been classified as the originator of the Beat Generation. He is known for his spontaneous confessional style, as well as his connection to Buddhism, Allen Ginsberg, and American self actualization. His rejection of mainstream 1950’s society is his trademark, and the core ideal behind the beat-nick culture he helped spawn. Jack Kerouac was born Jean-Louis Lebris de Kerouac, to French-Canadian parents, in Lowell, Massachusetts. Kerouac was raised fluent in French, and didn’t start learning English until he was six years old. While attending Boston College and Columbia University, he demonstrated extraordinary athletic ability in the game of football, until he broke his leg. After losing his football scholarship, Keroauc moved to New York. There he met the makeup of the group that would later be known as The Beat Generation poets. This group consisted of: John Clellon Holmes, Allen Ginsberg, Neal Cassady, William S. Burroughs and Herbert Huncke. He left the company of these men to join the United States Navy in 1943, from which he was discharged during WWII, for the psychiatric measure of having an indifferent disposition. This is suspected by many to be the spark that inspired him to write his first work The Town and City, as well as On The Road. Many of Kerouac’s works were often rejected upon first submission to publishers. He was often overlooked, due to his experimental style, and socially conscious views. Not to forget, his excessive tendency towards drinking. This obsession with alcoholism is eventually the cause of his death in 1969, when he dies of internal hemorrhaging due to cirrhosis. Jack Kerouac has a very distinct and original style. Upon first evaluation of his style, his work might be deemed as cliche, or showy self loathing libation; but it must be remembered that, Kerouac was one of the first to adopt his free flowing form of poetry. He is also noted for connecting his poetry to the beat-nick poets. Kerouac is most commonly referred to as the King of the Beats and the Father of the Hippies. This is largely due with the fact that his poetry is most immediately inspired by Jazz music, specifically bebop by Thelonius Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, and Charlie Parker. He compiled this Jazz influence with a love of Buddhist studies, specifically Gary Snyder. The name he dubbed his new found form is Spontaneous Prose. It is often compared to the literary technique known as stream of consciousness, which is often deemed as a literary mirror of a writer’s thought process. While writing, Kerouac took the first thought or line that came to his mind and went with it. This technique is most recognizable in his novels Visions of Cody, Big Sur, Visions of Gerard, On the Road, and The Subterraneans. The core concept this method revolved around is a breathing technique very similar to that of Jazz, or Buddhist meditation. It is most evidently represented by a dash mark in place of a period. The practice of improvising words based on implied or inherently inferred meanings was another aspect of Spontaneous Prose. . The core concept this method revolved around is a breathing technique very similar to that of Jazz, or Buddhist meditation. In his statement on Belief & Technique For Modern Prose, in his top five pieces of advice Kerouac says, 1. Scribble secret notebooks, and wild typewritten pages, for yr own joy 2. Submissive to everything, open, listening 3. Try never get drunk outside yr own house 4. Be in love with yr life 5. Something that you feel will find its own form (Kerouac) This is more the literary technique of an experimental thinker than actual literary scholar, or poet, during this era. Despite this, his style later becomes the format taught to most contemporary writers aspiring to be professional. Kerouac never really edited his poetry. In fact, the majority of his work was edited by fellow Beat Generation pioneer Donald Merriam Allen, who also served as an editor for Ginsberg. Acclaimed photographer Robert Frank made a short film personifying many Beat ideals called Pull My Daisy, in which Kerouac is scene reading his work in the films opening. The film itself is also based a play written by Kerouac. The Beat Generation is an uprising that formed mostly on some of America’s best-known college campuses in the mid to late 50’s. It influenced students in the early 60’s to seek hard hitting answers to some of the complex questions posed to their generation. Addressing ideas like the coexistence of wealth and poverty, along side with racial prejudice resulted in the beat-nicks forming what would be considered the American New Left. An example of this is the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); which founded at the University of Michigan in 1960, it became one of the key organizations formed in reaction to Beat ideals. The core belief of this student body was that Americans should practice direct democracy as apposed to representative democracy. This stemmed largely from the strict nature of Universities during that time in which students felt they were just numbers in a system dictating their existence. These students were also known for being supporters of the Black Power movement. These groups are also historic for being the most visible resource for developing protests against the Vietnam War. This New Left was the child that the Beat Generation gave birth to, and its influence on American culture can be credited for many of the sociological changes in our society today. Jack Kerouac, along with the rest of the beat-nick poets, can be credited as well. They were the flame that sparked this generational chain reaction. In sum, when I read Kerouac’s work, I can’t help but notice that many ways his style has been adopted by American culture. The ideal of the creative minded young artist bathing in libation and pondering death and social inadequacies is the main image adopted by the majority of Rock n Roll groups today. The majority of these bands probably don’t even know of Jack Kerouac. I’m not saying he was the first poet, or artist, to get drunk and create; but, I do acknowledge the ability of his free will to inspire so many others around him to create the cause to social change. He is pioneer and a leader, because he is fallowed beyond the grave. Work Cited Anderson, James C. â€Å"Robert Frank. † Microsoft Encarta 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005. â€Å"Jack Kerouac. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 30 Jan 2007, 22:03 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 2 Feb 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kerouac&oldid=104426491

Analysis of Albert Ellis’s Life Experiences and Psychological Philosophies Essay

At the age of 12 his parents divorced (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). These two life-altering events were, in part, what led him to begin focusing his mind on understanding people (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In junior high Albert Ellis dreamed of becoming a great novelist (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997) but by the time he reached college age, he decided it might be more practical to become an accountant instead. However, he planned to retire by the age of 30 so that he could then take up writing at his own leisure (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). Due in part to the Great Depression, his goals changed but he did go on to graduate college in 1934 with a degree in business (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). After graduation he and his brother became entrepreneurs and started their own business. They sold pants purchased from the garment district (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In 1938 a gift and novelty firm employed him as their personal manager. Some of his controversial articles included The Influence of Heterosexual Cultures on the Attitudes of Homosexuals (1951) and Prostitution Re-assessed (1951) both of these articles were written for the International Journal of Sexology (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis’ writings were groundbreaking material that opened the door to the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the gay and lesbian rights movement in the 1970’s (Ellis 1992). These writings were controversial at that time and may have stigmatized or put a negative label on Albert Ellis. However, these writings as well as references from his friends was how he formed his client base (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Most of Albert Ellis’ early clients were individuals and couples suffering from sex, love and marital problems (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis also grew his private practice through publicity from his talks, workshops, radio, and television presentations which led to referrals from a number of psychologists with whom he had no personal relationship with (Ellis 1997). Besides maintaining a full-time private practice, Albert Ellis also found the time to become the first Chairman of the first Committee on Private Practice of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). During that time he conducted a study of the members of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). This study showed that only 56% of the American Psychological Association members were engaged in some kind of paid private practice, and only 30% devoted 20 or more hours a week (Ellis 1997). Only a few individuals including Albert Ellis were in full-time private practices (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis also worked with Reverend Ilsley Boone on a New York District Federal Court to legally sell nudist magazines (Ellis 1997)_. _ They lost the New York District Federal court case and immediately start working on a brief for the United States Supreme Court and alternately reversed and New York district Federal Court decision (Ellis 1997). This was a major victory for nudists across the country (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis quickly became an â€Å"Idol† for many American nudists (Ellis 1997). Philosophical and Psychological Beliefs Albert Ellis experimented with various forms of psychotherapy keeping therapies that he believed work better than others and disregarded everything else. Albert Ellis began building his own therapeutic process and started questioning traditional Freudian psychoanalysis. In 1953 Albert Ellis started calling himself a â€Å"psychotherapist† instead of the traditional â€Å"psychoanalyst† label (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis thought that this change of title would separate him from the classical psychoanalytic practices (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis had a passion for reading early philosophy e. g. Epictetus and Spinoza (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1992). Albert Ellis also read famous works from the leading psychologist of his time e. g. Alfred Adler and Karen Horney (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). His study of philosophy and psychology also led him to become interested in understanding the philosophy of happiness. Albert Ellis came to the conclusion that if an individual’s basic needs were met, the individual would be happy. He found that basic needs were only part of the equation for personal happiness. Albert Ellis then focused on negative thoughts. Albert Ellis thought that if people had a rational philosophy of life they would rarely be emotionally disturbed (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis formulated a theory that psychological issues and emotional issues of the individual were causing the negative thoughts or what Albert Ellis called irrational beliefs (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Basics Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is a therapy in which individuals change their perceived believes about perceived negative events. Albert Ellis acquired several disabilities such as diabetes, tired eyes, deficient hearing, as well as other physical handicaps (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to overcome his negative perceptions of his disabilities. † If you really accept it, and stop whining about it, you can turn some of its lemons into quite tasty lemonade† (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), on himself, in 1943 soon after he became a practicing psychologist (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is an important and useful therapy still used today. First, an individual must be aware of their irrational thoughts or explain to the individual that the way they perceive an event is irrational. Then, the individual must replace the irrational thought with rational thought. Finally the individual believes in â€Å"unconditional self acceptance (USA)† (Ellis 1997, 2004). Unconditional self acceptance (USA) is when an individual learns to accept and love their self for who they are rather than what they do. The unconditional self acceptance (USA) is reached when the low frustration tolerance (LFT) is raised and ultimately achieves high frustration tolerance (HFT) (Ellis 1997, 2004). The ABC’s of REBT Albert Ellis believed emotional problems that an individual suffers from are the link to a set of irrational beliefs held about themselves, others, and the world they live in. These rational beliefs perpetuate negative self talk in the individual’s consciousness. The negative self talk puts emphasis on â€Å"shoulds†, â€Å"oughts†, and â€Å"musts† of irrational thinking. Rational emotive behavioral therapy attempts to replace these irrational beliefs with new rational thoughts. The process of helping the client change their irrational believes is a two step process. The first step is setting up or choosing for themselves certain happiness producing values, purposes, goals, or ideals; and effective, flexible, scientific, logico-empirical [sic] ways to achieve these values and goals and upload boarding contradictory or self defeating result (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational beliefs or irrational beliefs shape who we are how we act. Albert Ellis created an ABC model to help both the client and the therapist engage and treat unrealistic, immature, and absolutist modes of thinking into realistic, mature, logical, and a realistic approach to thinking (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). The â€Å"A† in the ABC model refers to the â€Å"activating an event†. Activating events are events that trigger or cause our beliefs and perception. The Activating event could be a real situation that the individual had experience are could be inferred event were individual their own meeting contrary to what the situation was (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). In Either case the activating event is negative stimuli cause by an event or situation triggers any irrational belief (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"B† in the ABC model is beliefs that shape an individual emotions and behaviors (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). In other word, an individual who experiences an activating event then forms a belief based upon that activating event affecting their decision-making about their consequences and/or reaction to other stimuli (Ellis 2004). These Beliefs can either be you’re rational or rational (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"C† in the ABC model stands for the consequences of the irrational beliefs (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). There are emotional and behavioral consequences, either positive or negative, to a set of beliefs about the activating event (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Individuals that suffer from irrational beliefs about a given situation will likely suffer from unhealthy negative emotions (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Unhealthy negative emotions are extreme emotions that can manifest themselves in a variety of forms e. g. guilt, anxiety, andor depression (Ellis 2004). The extreme negative feelings are so intense that the individual afflicted with these emotions often cannot function normally (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis does not believe that one should live a life free of negative emotions (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that healthy negative emotions were emotions that were relatively â€Å"low in intensity† (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that the healthy negative emotions experienced in a mentally healthy individual can modify behavior for the betterment of the individuals’ life (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis later added the (D), (E), and (F) to his ABC’s ofRational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"D† is disputing the irrational beliefs that the individual possesses about the activating event (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"E† or effect the person feels is only achieved when the individual or client successfully disputes the irrational belief and replaces the irrational belief with a rational belief (Ellis 2004). This will ultimately lead to a new effect in the persons behavior. The effect will then lead the individual to a healthier and happier way of feeling â€Å"F† (Ellis 2004). The application of the rational emotive behavioral therapy’s ABC model allows people to visualize how their reactions to events are formed (Ellis 2004). Once an individual visualizes how irrational beliefs are formed and changes their behavior negatively therapy will, more than likely, be successful. The 4 steps of applying the ABC model Rational emotive behavioral therapy is an approach that makes the client participates in an active role in the therapy process. There are four steps in applying the ABC model. As the client Progresses through the four steps will work through an individual’s irrational beliefs and use certain skills to combat any irrational beliefs that may arise after private counseling has ended (Ellis 2004). Step one is to reveal the individuals or clients irrational beliefs in their current mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). In many cases the individuals of clients have had these irrational beliefs for so long that they cannot distinguish their irrational beliefs from normal rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Also when the individual or the client has family and friends reinforcing their irrational beliefs, even though the irrational beliefs may not fall into societal norms, only reinforces the idea that their irrational beliefs are rational or normal (Ellis 2004). The first step, basically, outlines the treatment plan and formulates a plan of action to dispute the irrational beliefs. Clients must be aware of their irrational and rational beliefs and distinguish the differences between the two different beliefs. In step two the client or individual expands their understanding of what is irrational and what is rational (Ellis 2004). This step is similar to step one, but step two the therapy is more in-depth and intense. In step two the client or individual must be made aware of their irrational beliefs and how the individuals’ irrational beliefs are perpetuating their own turmoil (Ellis 2004). If the client or individual continues to think unreasonable or irrational, they will repeat their irrational behavior and have continued unpleasant feeling that interrupt their normal way of life (Ellis 2004). In showing the individual or client the pattern of their irrational beliefs and the consequences their irrational beliefs impose on them is detrimental to the success of their treatment (Ellis 2004). Only when the client can distinguish the difference between rational beliefs and irrational beliefs, can realize that the negative problems they are having are in direct correlation with their irrational beliefs, and can see the pattern they follow when irrational beliefs are present (Ellis 2004). Step three begins once the previous objectives have been met. In step three the individual or client will learn how to stop illogical or irrational beliefs and change the irrational and negative pattern into a new logical and rational mode of thinking and behaving (Ellis 2004). This is achieved when the individual ceases the negative self talk and stop the irrational beliefs from affecting their mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). Many individuals have their irrational beliefs so embedded in their mode of behaving and their mode thinking that the individual may not even be aware that their irrational beliefs are irrational (Ellis 2004). The client with help from their therapist will attempt to identify the irrational beliefs from the rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). In the fourth and final step the client has identified their irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). The client along with the help of the therapist, work to modify the clients negative way of thinking and identify and change the clients irrational beliefs into rational modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). The therapist works with the client until a new set of rational beliefs are fashioned (Ellis 2004). Once the irrational belief system is replaced by a more rational and logical belief system the client will notice negative feelings and negative behaviors change into a more positive feelings and positive behaviors (Ellis 2004). The rational emotive behavioral theapry techniques used by the therapist to dispute irrational beliefs can vary from client to client depending on the type of the client and modes of irrational thinking REBT Techniques Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is a multimodal form of therapy (Ellis 2004). Some of the different techniques used in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy include â€Å"Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs†, â€Å"changing the language of the client†, and emotive techniques like â€Å"role playing† and â€Å"rational emotive inventory† (Ellis 2004). These different techniques can be used to modify several types or irrational behaviors caused by irrational beliefs e. g. anxiety, depression, anger, and addictions (Ellis 2004). These techniques show the client how to refute their irrational beliefs in a precise and rapid method. Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs technique is a technique that makes the client challenge their beliefs and modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). In this technique the therapist presents a series of questions such as: Why do you assume this? or Why must it be this way? When the client answers these questions the client start to realize that the way they are thinking is irrational (Ellis 2004). The language of the client technique disputes â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† in the client’s way of thinking (Ellis 2004). In most cases the language used by the client forms their irrational way of thinking (Ellis 2004). By changing â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† into wishes, wants, and desires may change the client’s irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Example of Self-Application of REBT The techniques outlined by Albert Ellis shows how simplistic but meaningful Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) can be (Ellis 2004). Take for example when Albert Ellis gets impatient or angry about his various limitations (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis says to himself: â€Å"Too damn bad! I really do not like taking all this time and effort to deal with my impairments and wish to hell that I didn’t have to do so. But alas, I do. It is hard doing so many things to keep myself in a relatively healthy condition, but it is much harder in the long run and much more painful and deadly, if I do not keep doing this. There is no reason whatsoever why I absolutely must have it easier than I do. Yes it is unfair for me to be more afflicted than many other people are. But, damn it, I should be just as afflicted as I am! Unfairness should exist in the world—to me, and to whomever else it does exist—because it does exist! Too bad that it does—but it does! † sic Albert Ellis lived a full and rich life filled with controversy and an outspoken attitude. Albert Ellis fought for gay and lesbian rights and the right to send uncensored or â€Å"obscene† mail through the Federal mail system. Albert Ellis was also one of the first individuals start their own private practice as a psychologist.

african american history essays

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Rite of Passage

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